VulkanSimulation/src/main.cpp

#define GLFW_INCLUDE_VULKAN
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>

#include <glm/glm.hpp>

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <cstring>
#include <optional>
#include <set>
#include <fstream>
#include <numeric>
#include <chrono>
#include <array>

const std::vector<const char*> deviceExtensions = {
		VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME
};

#ifndef NDEBUG
#define ENABLE_VALIDATION_LAYERS
#endif

#ifdef ENABLE_VALIDATION_LAYERS
const std::vector<const char*> validationLayers = {
		"VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation"
};
bool checkValidationLayerSupport(){

	uint32_t layerCount;
	vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount, nullptr);

	std::vector<VkLayerProperties> availableLayers(layerCount);
	vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount, availableLayers.data());

	for (const char* layerName : validationLayers){
		bool layerFound = false;

		for (const auto& layerProperties : availableLayers){
			if (strcmp(layerName, layerProperties.layerName) == 0){
				layerFound = true;
				break;
			}
		}

		if (!layerFound){
			return false;
		}
	}

	return true;
}
#endif

constexpr int MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT = 2;

class Timer {
public:
	explicit Timer(){
		start = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
	}
	~Timer(){
		size_t nanoseconds = (std::chrono::system_clock::now() - start).count();
		printf("Timer: %zu mus\n", nanoseconds / 1000);
	}
private:
	std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock> start;
};

std::vector<char> readFile(const std::string& fileName){
	std::ifstream file(fileName, std::ios::ate | std::ios::binary);

	if (!file.is_open()){
		throw std::runtime_error("failed to open file!");
	}

	size_t fileSize = file.tellg();
	std::vector<char> buffer(fileSize);

	file.seekg(0);
	file.read(buffer.data(), static_cast<std::streamsize>(fileSize));
	file.close();

	return buffer;
}

struct Vertex {
	glm::vec2 pos;
	glm::vec3 color;

	static VkVertexInputBindingDescription getBindingDescription(){
		VkVertexInputBindingDescription bindingDescription {};
		bindingDescription.binding = 0;
		bindingDescription.stride = sizeof(Vertex);
		bindingDescription.inputRate = VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX;
		return bindingDescription;
	}

	static std::array<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription, 2> getAttributeDescriptions(){
		std::array<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription, 2> attributeDescriptions {};

		attributeDescriptions[0].binding = 0;
		attributeDescriptions[0].location = 0;
		attributeDescriptions[0].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT;
		attributeDescriptions[0].offset = offsetof(Vertex, pos);

		attributeDescriptions[1].binding = 0;
		attributeDescriptions[1].location = 1;
		attributeDescriptions[1].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
		attributeDescriptions[1].offset = offsetof(Vertex, color);

		return attributeDescriptions;
	}
};

const std::vector<Vertex> vertices = {
		{{0.0, -0.5}, {1, 0, 0}},
		{{0.5, 0.5}, {0, 1, 0}},
		{{-0.5, 0.5}, {0, 0, 1}}
};

class MyApp {
public:
	void run(){
		initWindow();
		initVulkan();
		mainLoop();
		cleanup();
	}
private:
	GLFWwindow *window = nullptr;

	void initWindow(){
		glfwInit();
		glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CLIENT_API, GLFW_NO_API);
		glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GLFW_TRUE);
		window = glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, "Vulkan Simulation", nullptr, nullptr);
	}
	void initVulkan(){
		createInstance();
		createSurface();
		pickPhysicalDevice();
		createLogicalDevice();
		createSwapchain();
		createImageViews();
		createRenderPass();
		createGraphicsPipeline();
		createFramebuffers();
		createCommandPool();
		createCommandBuffers();
		createSyncObjects();
	}

	VkInstance instance = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	void createInstance(){
#ifdef ENABLE_VALIDATION_LAYERS
		if (!checkValidationLayerSupport()){
			throw std::runtime_error("validation layers requested, but not available!");
		}
#endif

		VkApplicationInfo applicationInfo {};
		applicationInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO;
		applicationInfo.pApplicationName = "Coole Simulation";
		applicationInfo.applicationVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0);
		applicationInfo.pEngineName = "No Engine";
		applicationInfo.engineVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0);
		applicationInfo.apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_0;

		uint32_t glfwExtensionCount = 0;
		const char** glfwExtensions = glfwGetRequiredInstanceExtensions(&glfwExtensionCount);

		VkInstanceCreateInfo instanceCreateInfo {};
		instanceCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO;
		instanceCreateInfo.pApplicationInfo = &applicationInfo;
		instanceCreateInfo.enabledExtensionCount = glfwExtensionCount;
		instanceCreateInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = glfwExtensions;
#ifdef ENABLE_VALIDATION_LAYERS
		instanceCreateInfo.enabledLayerCount = validationLayers.size();
		instanceCreateInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = validationLayers.data();
#else
		instanceCreateInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;
#endif

		if (vkCreateInstance(&instanceCreateInfo, nullptr, &instance) != VK_SUCCESS){
			throw std::runtime_error("failed to create instance!");
		}
	}

	VkSurfaceKHR surface = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	void createSurface(){
		if (glfwCreateWindowSurface(instance, window, nullptr, &surface) != VK_SUCCESS){
			throw std::runtime_error("failed to create window surface!");
		}
	}

	VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	void pickPhysicalDevice(){
		uint32_t deviceCount = 0;
		vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &deviceCount, nullptr);
		if (deviceCount == 0){
			throw std::runtime_error("failed to find GPUs with Vulkan support!");
		}
		std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice> devices(deviceCount);
		vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &deviceCount, devices.data());

		for (const VkPhysicalDevice &device : devices){
			if (isDeviceSuitable(device)){
				physicalDevice = device;
				break;
			}
		}

		if (physicalDevice == VK_NULL_HANDLE){
			throw std::runtime_error("failed to find a suitable GPU!");
		}

		VkPhysicalDeviceProperties properties;
		vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(physicalDevice, &properties);
		printf("Picked physical device: %s\n", properties.deviceName);
	}

	struct QueueFamilyIndices {
		std::optional<uint32_t> graphicsFamily;
		std::optional<uint32_t> computeFamily;
		std::optional<uint32_t> presentFamily;
		bool isComplete() const {
			return graphicsFamily.has_value() && computeFamily.has_value() && presentFamily.has_value();
		}
		std::set<uint32_t> uniqueQueueFamilies(){
			return {graphicsFamily.value(), presentFamily.value(), computeFamily.value()};
		}
	};
	QueueFamilyIndices findQueueFamilies(VkPhysicalDevice device){
		uint32_t queueFamilyCount = 0;
		vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, nullptr);

		std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> queueFamilies(queueFamilyCount);
		vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, queueFamilies.data());

		QueueFamilyIndices indices {};

		uint32_t i = 0;
		for (const VkQueueFamilyProperties& queueFamilyProperties : queueFamilies){
			if (queueFamilyProperties.queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT){
				indices.graphicsFamily = i;
			}
			if (queueFamilyProperties.queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT){
				indices.computeFamily = i;
			}
			VkBool32 presentSupport = false;
			vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(device, i, surface, &presentSupport);
			if (presentSupport){
				indices.presentFamily = i;
			}
			if (indices.isComplete()){
				break;
			}
			i++;
		}
		return indices;
	}

	bool isDeviceSuitable(VkPhysicalDevice device){
		VkPhysicalDeviceProperties deviceProperties;
		vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(device, &deviceProperties);

		VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures deviceFeatures;
		vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures(device, &deviceFeatures);

		QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(device);

		bool extensionsSupported = checkDeviceExtensionSupport(device);

		bool swapChainAdequate = false;
		if (extensionsSupported){
			SwapchainSupportDetails details = querySwapchainSupport(device);
			swapChainAdequate = !details.formats.empty() && !details.presentModes.empty();
		}

		return indices.isComplete() && extensionsSupported && swapChainAdequate;
	}

	static bool checkDeviceExtensionSupport(VkPhysicalDevice device){
		std::set<std::string> required(deviceExtensions.begin(), deviceExtensions.end());

		uint32_t extensionCount;
		vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(device, nullptr, &extensionCount, nullptr);

		std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> availableExtensions(extensionCount);
		vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(device, nullptr, &extensionCount, availableExtensions.data());

		for (const VkExtensionProperties& extension : availableExtensions){
			required.erase(extension.extensionName);
		}

		return required.empty();
	}

	struct SwapchainSupportDetails {
		VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR capabilities {};
		std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> formats;
		std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR> presentModes;
	};
	SwapchainSupportDetails querySwapchainSupport(VkPhysicalDevice device){
		SwapchainSupportDetails details;

		vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(device, surface, &details.capabilities);

		uint32_t formatCount;
		vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(device, surface, &formatCount, nullptr);
		if (formatCount != 0){
			details.formats.resize(formatCount);
			vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(device, surface, &formatCount, details.formats.data());
		}

		uint32_t presentModeCount;
		vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(device, surface, &presentModeCount, nullptr);
		if (presentModeCount != 0){
			details.presentModes.resize(presentModeCount);
			vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(device, surface, &presentModeCount, details.presentModes.data());
		}

		return details;
	}

	VkDevice device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	VkQueue graphicsQueue = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	VkQueue presentQueue = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	void createLogicalDevice(){
		QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(physicalDevice);

		std::vector<VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo> queueCreateInfos;

		float queuePriority = 1.0f;
		for (uint32_t queueFamily : indices.uniqueQueueFamilies()){
			VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queueCreateInfo {};
			queueCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
			queueCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndex = queueFamily;
			queueCreateInfo.queueCount = 1;
			queueCreateInfo.pQueuePriorities = &queuePriority;
			queueCreateInfos.push_back(queueCreateInfo);
		}

		VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures deviceFeatures {};

		VkDeviceCreateInfo createInfo {};
		createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO;
		createInfo.pQueueCreateInfos = queueCreateInfos.data();
		createInfo.queueCreateInfoCount = queueCreateInfos.size();
		createInfo.pEnabledFeatures = &deviceFeatures;
		createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = deviceExtensions.size();
		createInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = deviceExtensions.data();
#ifdef ENABLE_VALIDATION_LAYERS
		createInfo.enabledLayerCount = validationLayers.size();
		createInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = validationLayers.data();
#else
		createInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;
#endif

		if (vkCreateDevice(physicalDevice, &createInfo, nullptr, &device) != VK_SUCCESS){
			throw std::runtime_error("failed to create logical device!");
		}

		vkGetDeviceQueue(device, indices.graphicsFamily.value(), 0, &graphicsQueue);
		vkGetDeviceQueue(device, indices.presentFamily.value(), 0, &presentQueue);
	}

	static VkSurfaceFormatKHR chooseSwapSurfaceFormat(const std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR>& availableFormats){
		for (const auto& availableFormat : availableFormats){
			if (availableFormat.format == VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB && availableFormat.colorSpace == VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR){
				return availableFormat;
			}
		}
		return availableFormats[0];
	}

	static VkPresentModeKHR chooseSwapPresentMode(const std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR>& availablePresentModes){
		return VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;
	}

	VkExtent2D chooseSwapExtent(const VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR& capabilities){
		if (capabilities.currentExtent.width != std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()){
			return capabilities.currentExtent;
		} else {
			int width, height;
			glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height);

			VkExtent2D actualExtent = {
					static_cast<uint32_t>(width),
					static_cast<uint32_t>(height)
			};

			actualExtent.width = std::clamp(actualExtent.width, capabilities.minImageExtent.width, capabilities.maxImageExtent.width);
			actualExtent.height = std::clamp(actualExtent.height, capabilities.minImageExtent.height, capabilities.maxImageExtent.height);

			return actualExtent;
		}
	}

	void createSwapchain(){
		SwapchainSupportDetails swapchainSupport = querySwapchainSupport(physicalDevice);

		VkSurfaceFormatKHR surfaceFormat = chooseSwapSurfaceFormat(swapchainSupport.formats);
		VkPresentModeKHR presentMode = chooseSwapPresentMode(swapchainSupport.presentModes);
		VkExtent2D extent = chooseSwapExtent(swapchainSupport.capabilities);

		uint32_t imageCount = swapchainSupport.capabilities.minImageCount + 1;
		if (swapchainSupport.capabilities.maxImageCount > 0 && imageCount > swapchainSupport.capabilities.maxImageCount){
			imageCount = swapchainSupport.capabilities.maxImageCount;
		}

		VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR createInfo {};
		createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
		createInfo.surface = surface;
		createInfo.minImageCount = imageCount;
		createInfo.imageFormat = surfaceFormat.format;
		createInfo.imageColorSpace = surfaceFormat.colorSpace;
		createInfo.imageExtent = extent;
		createInfo.imageArrayLayers = 1;
		createInfo.imageUsage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT;

		QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(physicalDevice);
		uint32_t queueFamilyIndices[] = {indices.graphicsFamily.value(), indices.presentFamily.value()};

		if (indices.graphicsFamily != indices.presentFamily){
			createInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT;
			createInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 2;
			createInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices = queueFamilyIndices;
		} else {
			createInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
		}

		createInfo.preTransform = swapchainSupport.capabilities.currentTransform;
		createInfo.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR;
		createInfo.presentMode = presentMode;
		createInfo.clipped = VK_TRUE;
		createInfo.oldSwapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

		if (vkCreateSwapchainKHR(device, &createInfo, nullptr, &swapchain) != VK_SUCCESS){
			throw std::runtime_error("failed to create swapchain!");
		}

		vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, swapchain, &imageCount, nullptr);
		swapchainImages.resize(imageCount);
		vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, swapchain, &imageCount, swapchainImages.data());

		swapchainImageFormat = surfaceFormat.format;
		swapchainExtent = extent;
	}

	void cleanupSwapchain(){
		for (auto framebuffer : swapchainFramebuffers){
			vkDestroyFramebuffer(device, framebuffer, nullptr);
		}
		for (auto imageView : swapchainImageViews){
			vkDestroyImageView(device, imageView, nullptr);
		}
		vkDestroySwapchainKHR(device, swapchain, nullptr);
	}

	void recreateSwapchain(){
		vkDeviceWaitIdle(device);

		cleanupSwapchain();

		createSwapchain();
		createImageViews();
		createFramebuffers();
	}

	VkSwapchainKHR swapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	std::vector<VkImage> swapchainImages;
	VkFormat swapchainImageFormat {};
	VkExtent2D swapchainExtent {};

	std::vector<VkImageView> swapchainImageViews;

	void createImageViews(){
		swapchainImageViews.resize(swapchainImages.size());
		for (size_t i = 0; i < swapchainImages.size(); i++){
			VkImageViewCreateInfo createInfo {};
			createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
			createInfo.format = swapchainImageFormat;
			createInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
			createInfo.image = swapchainImages[i];
			createInfo.components = {
					VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
					VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
					VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
					VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
			};
			createInfo.subresourceRange = {VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 0, 1, 0, 1};
			if (vkCreateImageView(device, &createInfo, nullptr, &swapchainImageViews[i]) != VK_SUCCESS){
				throw std::runtime_error("failed to create image views!");
			}
		}
	}

	VkShaderModule createShaderModule(const std::vector<char> &code){
		VkShaderModuleCreateInfo createInfo {};
		createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO;
		createInfo.codeSize = code.size();
		createInfo.pCode = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(code.data());

		VkShaderModule shaderModule;
		if (vkCreateShaderModule(device, &createInfo, nullptr, &shaderModule) != VK_SUCCESS){
			throw std::runtime_error("failed to create shader module!");
		}

		return shaderModule;
	}

	void createRenderPass(){
		VkAttachmentDescription colorAttachment {};
		colorAttachment.format = swapchainImageFormat;
		colorAttachment.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
		colorAttachment.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
		colorAttachment.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
		colorAttachment.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
		colorAttachment.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
		colorAttachment.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
		colorAttachment.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;

		VkAttachmentReference colorAttachmentRef {};
		colorAttachmentRef.attachment = 0;
		colorAttachmentRef.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

		VkSubpassDescription subpass {};
		subpass.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
		subpass.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
		subpass.pColorAttachments = &colorAttachmentRef;

		VkSubpassDependency dependency {};
		dependency.srcSubpass = VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL;
		dependency.dstSubpass = 0;
		dependency.srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
		dependency.srcAccessMask = 0;
		dependency.dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
		dependency.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;

		VkRenderPassCreateInfo renderPassInfo {};
		renderPassInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO;
		renderPassInfo.attachmentCount = 1;
		renderPassInfo.pAttachments = &colorAttachment;
		renderPassInfo.subpassCount = 1;
		renderPassInfo.pSubpasses = &subpass;
		renderPassInfo.dependencyCount = 1;
		renderPassInfo.pDependencies = &dependency;

		vkCreateRenderPass(device, &renderPassInfo, nullptr, &renderPass);
	}

	VkRenderPass renderPass = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	VkPipelineLayout pipelineLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

	void createGraphicsPipeline(){
		auto vertShaderCode = readFile("shaders/vert.spv");
		auto fragShaderCode = readFile("shaders/frag.spv");

		VkShaderModule vertShaderModule = createShaderModule(vertShaderCode);
		VkShaderModule fragShaderModule = createShaderModule(fragShaderCode);


		VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo vertShaderStageInfo {};
		vertShaderStageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
		vertShaderStageInfo.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;
		vertShaderStageInfo.module = vertShaderModule;
		vertShaderStageInfo.pName = "main";

		VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo fragShaderStageInfo {};
		fragShaderStageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
		fragShaderStageInfo.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
		fragShaderStageInfo.module = fragShaderModule;
		fragShaderStageInfo.pName = "main";

		VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo shaderStages[] = {vertShaderStageInfo, fragShaderStageInfo};

		auto bindingDescription = Vertex::getBindingDescription();
		auto attributeDescriptions = Vertex::getAttributeDescriptions();

		VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo vertexInputInfo {};
		vertexInputInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
		vertexInputInfo.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = 1;
		vertexInputInfo.pVertexBindingDescriptions = &bindingDescription;
		vertexInputInfo.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = attributeDescriptions.size();
		vertexInputInfo.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = attributeDescriptions.data();

		VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo inputAssembly {};
		inputAssembly.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
		inputAssembly.topology = VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST;
		inputAssembly.primitiveRestartEnable = VK_FALSE;

		std::vector<VkDynamicState> dynamicStates = {
				VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT,
				VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR
		};

		VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo dynamicState {};
		dynamicState.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DYNAMIC_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
		dynamicState.dynamicStateCount = dynamicStates.size();
		dynamicState.pDynamicStates = dynamicStates.data();

		VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewportState {};
		viewportState.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
		viewportState.viewportCount = 1;
		viewportState.scissorCount = 1;

		VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterizer {};
		rasterizer.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
		rasterizer.depthClampEnable = VK_FALSE;
		rasterizer.rasterizerDiscardEnable = VK_FALSE;
		rasterizer.polygonMode = VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL;
		rasterizer.lineWidth = 1;
		rasterizer.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT;
		rasterizer.frontFace = VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE;
		rasterizer.depthBiasClamp = VK_FALSE;

		VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisample {};
		multisample.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
		multisample.sampleShadingEnable = VK_FALSE;
		multisample.rasterizationSamples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;

		VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState colorBlendAttachment {};
		colorBlendAttachment.colorWriteMask = VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT;
		colorBlendAttachment.blendEnable = VK_FALSE;

		VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo colorBlending {};
		colorBlending.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
		colorBlending.logicOpEnable = VK_FALSE;
		colorBlending.attachmentCount = 1;
		colorBlending.pAttachments = &colorBlendAttachment;

		VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipelineLayoutInfo {};
		pipelineLayoutInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;

		vkCreatePipelineLayout(device, &pipelineLayoutInfo, nullptr, &pipelineLayout);

		VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipelineInfo {};
		{
			pipelineInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO;

			pipelineInfo.stageCount = 2;
			pipelineInfo.pStages = shaderStages;

			pipelineInfo.pVertexInputState = &vertexInputInfo;
			pipelineInfo.pInputAssemblyState = &inputAssembly;
			pipelineInfo.pViewportState = &viewportState;
			pipelineInfo.pRasterizationState = &rasterizer;
			pipelineInfo.pMultisampleState = &multisample;
			pipelineInfo.pColorBlendState = &colorBlending;
			pipelineInfo.pDynamicState = &dynamicState;

			pipelineInfo.layout = pipelineLayout;

			pipelineInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
			pipelineInfo.subpass = 0;
		}

		vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &pipelineInfo, nullptr, &graphicsPipeline);

		vkDestroyShaderModule(device, vertShaderModule, nullptr);
		vkDestroyShaderModule(device, fragShaderModule, nullptr);
	}

	VkPipeline graphicsPipeline = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

	std::vector<VkFramebuffer> swapchainFramebuffers;

	void createFramebuffers(){
		swapchainFramebuffers.resize(swapchainImageViews.size());
		for (size_t i = 0; i < swapchainImageViews.size(); i++){
			VkImageView attachments[] = {swapchainImageViews[i]};

			VkFramebufferCreateInfo framebufferInfo {};
			framebufferInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
			framebufferInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
			framebufferInfo.attachmentCount = 1;
			framebufferInfo.pAttachments = attachments;
			framebufferInfo.width = swapchainExtent.width;
			framebufferInfo.height = swapchainExtent.height;
			framebufferInfo.layers = 1;

			vkCreateFramebuffer(device, &framebufferInfo, nullptr, &swapchainFramebuffers[i]);
		}
	}

	VkCommandPool commandPool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

	std::vector<VkCommandBuffer> commandBuffers;

	void createCommandPool(){
		QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(physicalDevice);

		VkCommandPoolCreateInfo poolInfo {};
		poolInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
		poolInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT;
		poolInfo.queueFamilyIndex = indices.graphicsFamily.value();

		vkCreateCommandPool(device, &poolInfo, nullptr, &commandPool);
	}

	void createCommandBuffers(){
		commandBuffers.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);

		VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocateInfo {};
		allocateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
		allocateInfo.commandPool = commandPool;
		allocateInfo.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
		allocateInfo.commandBufferCount = commandBuffers.size();

		vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &allocateInfo, commandBuffers.data());
	}

	void recordCommandBuffer(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, uint32_t imageIndex){
		VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo {};
		beginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;

		vkBeginCommandBuffer(commandBuffer, &beginInfo);

		VkRenderPassBeginInfo renderPassInfo {};
		renderPassInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO;
		renderPassInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
		renderPassInfo.framebuffer = swapchainFramebuffers[imageIndex];
		renderPassInfo.renderArea.offset = {0, 0};
		renderPassInfo.renderArea.extent = swapchainExtent;

		VkClearValue clearColor = {{{0, 0, 0, 1}}};
		renderPassInfo.clearValueCount = 1;
		renderPassInfo.pClearValues = &clearColor;

		vkCmdBeginRenderPass(commandBuffer, &renderPassInfo, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
		vkCmdBindPipeline(commandBuffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, graphicsPipeline);

		VkViewport viewport {};
		viewport.x = 0;
		viewport.y = 0;
		viewport.width = static_cast<float>(swapchainExtent.width);
		viewport.height = static_cast<float>(swapchainExtent.height);
		viewport.minDepth = 0;
		viewport.maxDepth = 1;
		vkCmdSetViewport(commandBuffer, 0, 1, &viewport);

		VkRect2D scissor {};
		scissor.offset = {0, 0};
		scissor.extent = swapchainExtent;
		vkCmdSetScissor(commandBuffer, 0, 1, &scissor);

		vkCmdDraw(commandBuffer, 3, 1, 0, 0);

		vkCmdEndRenderPass(commandBuffer);
		vkEndCommandBuffer(commandBuffer);
	}

	std::vector<VkSemaphore> imageAvailableSemaphores;
	std::vector<VkSemaphore> renderFinishedSemaphores;
	std::vector<VkFence> inFlightFences;

	void createSyncObjects(){
		imageAvailableSemaphores.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
		renderFinishedSemaphores.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
		inFlightFences.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);

		VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreInfo {};
		semaphoreInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;

		VkFenceCreateInfo fenceInfo {};
		fenceInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO;
		fenceInfo.flags = VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT;

		for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT; i++){
			vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &imageAvailableSemaphores[i]);
			vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &renderFinishedSemaphores[i]);
			vkCreateFence(device, &fenceInfo, nullptr, &inFlightFences[i]);
		}
	}

	size_t currentFrame = 0;

	void drawFrame(){
		vkWaitForFences(device, 1, &inFlightFences[currentFrame], VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX);

		uint32_t imageIndex;
		VkResult result = vkAcquireNextImageKHR(device, swapchain, UINT64_MAX, imageAvailableSemaphores[currentFrame], VK_NULL_HANDLE, &imageIndex);
		if (result == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR){
			recreateSwapchain();
			return;
		}

		vkResetFences(device, 1, &inFlightFences[currentFrame]);

		vkResetCommandBuffer(commandBuffers[currentFrame], 0);
		recordCommandBuffer(commandBuffers[currentFrame], imageIndex);

		VkSubmitInfo submitInfo {};
		submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;

		VkSemaphore waitSemaphores[] = {imageAvailableSemaphores[currentFrame]};
		VkPipelineStageFlags waitStages[] = {VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT};
		submitInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
		submitInfo.pWaitSemaphores = waitSemaphores;
		submitInfo.pWaitDstStageMask = waitStages;
		submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
		submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &commandBuffers[currentFrame];

		VkSemaphore signalSemaphores[] = {renderFinishedSemaphores[currentFrame]};
		submitInfo.signalSemaphoreCount = 1;
		submitInfo.pSignalSemaphores = signalSemaphores;

		vkQueueSubmit(graphicsQueue, 1, &submitInfo, inFlightFences[currentFrame]);

		VkPresentInfoKHR presentInfo {};
		presentInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR;
		presentInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
		presentInfo.pWaitSemaphores = signalSemaphores;

		VkSwapchainKHR swapchains[] = {swapchain};
		presentInfo.swapchainCount = 1;
		presentInfo.pSwapchains = swapchains;
		presentInfo.pImageIndices = &imageIndex;

		result = vkQueuePresentKHR(presentQueue, &presentInfo);
		if (result == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR || result == VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR){
			recreateSwapchain();
			return;
		}

		currentFrame = (currentFrame + 1) % MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT;
	}

	void mainLoop(){
		while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)){
			glfwPollEvents();
			drawFrame();
		}

		vkDeviceWaitIdle(device);
	}
	void cleanup(){
		cleanupSwapchain();
		for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT; i++){
			vkDestroySemaphore(device, imageAvailableSemaphores[i], nullptr);
			vkDestroySemaphore(device, renderFinishedSemaphores[i], nullptr);
			vkDestroyFence(device, inFlightFences[i], nullptr);
		}
		vkDestroyCommandPool(device, commandPool, nullptr);
		vkDestroyPipeline(device, graphicsPipeline, nullptr);
		vkDestroyPipelineLayout(device, pipelineLayout, nullptr);
		vkDestroyRenderPass(device, renderPass, nullptr);
		vkDestroyDevice(device, nullptr);
		vkDestroySurfaceKHR(instance, surface, nullptr);
		vkDestroyInstance(instance, nullptr);

		glfwDestroyWindow(window);
		glfwTerminate();
	}
};

int main() {

	MyApp app;
	try {
		app.run();
	} catch (const std::exception& e){
		std::cerr << e.what() << "\n";
		return EXIT_FAILURE;
	}

	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}