Pong/Assets/Scripts/Game/AIPlayer.cs

using System;
using System.Linq;
using UnityEngine;

namespace Game {

	public class AIPlayer : Player {
		
		public Difficulty Difficulty { get; set; }
		
		private float FutureSeconds => (float) Difficulty * 0.5f;

		// True if ball y velocity points towards player
		private bool BallApproaches(Ball ball) {
			var ballVy = ball.Rb.velocity.y;
			return Side switch {
				ESide.Bottom => ballVy < 0,
				ESide.Top => ballVy > 0,
				_ => throw new Exception("Side not set on player!")
			};
		}

		// Not manhattan, only Y direction
		private float YDistanceToBall(Ball ball) {
			return Mathf.Abs(ball.Rb.position.y - Y());
		}

		// o: Origin, e: End
		public static bool Intersect(Vector2 o1, Vector2 e1, Vector2 o2, Vector2 e2, out Vector2 point, out Vector2 rs) {
			point = Vector2.zero;
			rs = Vector2.zero;

			Vector2 m1 = e1 - o1;
			Vector2 m2 = e2 - o2;

			/*
			 *
			 * o1 + r * m1 = 02 + s * m2 
			 * 
			 * o1x + r * m1x = o2x + s * m2x
			 * o1y + r * m1y = o2y + s * m2y
			 *
			 * Solve for r and s:
			 * Formulas below achieved by reordering
			 * Order is irrelevant, but if m1x == 0 then first approach results in division by zero ->
			 * Invert order then, and if division by zero is still a problem, both lines are parallel anyway
			 */

			float r, s;
			if (m1.x != 0) {
				s = (o1.y + o2.x * m1.y / m1.x - o1.x * m1.y / m1.x - o2.y) / (m2.y - m2.x * m1.y / m1.x);
				r = (o2.x + s * m2.x - o1.x) / m1.x;
			} else if (m2.x != 0) {
				r = (o2.y + o1.x * m2.y / m2.x - o2.x * m2.y / m2.x - o1.y) / (m1.y - m1.x * m2.y / m2.x);
				s = (o1.x + r * m1.x - o2.x) / m2.x;
			} else {
				return false;
			}

			if (s is > 0 and < 1 && r is > 0 and < 1) {
				point = o1 + r * m1;
				rs = new Vector2(r, s);
				return true;
			}

			return false;
		}

		private float IdlePosition => Difficulty >= Difficulty.Medium ? 0 : X();
		
		// TODO solution for balls outside of border
		// TODO Also must include fact that players have a height, maybe check the incoming angle
		private bool IsPositionReachableInTime(float futurePosition, float seconds) {
			float requiredDistance = Mathf.Abs(futurePosition - X()) - Width / 2;
			if (requiredDistance < 0)
				return true;
			return Speed * seconds > requiredDistance;
		}

		private float Simulate(Vector2 origin, Vector2 velocity, float radius, float secondsLeft, float secondsUsed, out bool impossible) {
			impossible = false;
			Vector2 validAreaOrigin = new Vector2(BorderSize.Singleton.x1, BorderSize.Singleton.y1) + new Vector2(radius, radius);
			Vector2 validAreaSize = BorderSize.Singleton.Size - new Vector2(radius, radius) * 2;
			Rect area = new Rect(validAreaOrigin, validAreaSize);

			// Try to follow this line from origin -> end
			Vector2 end = origin + velocity * secondsLeft;
			
			// Line ends in playground
			if (area.Contains(end))
				return end.x;

			float playerY = Side == ESide.Bottom ? area.yMin : area.yMax;
			Vector2 playerLeft = new Vector2(area.xMin, playerY);
			Vector2 playerRight = new Vector2(area.xMax, playerY);

			// Horizontal line (player line) -> stop simulating
			if (Intersect(origin, end, playerLeft, playerRight, out Vector2 point, out Vector2 rs)) {
				secondsUsed += secondsLeft * rs.x;
				if (!IsPositionReachableInTime(point.x, secondsUsed))
					impossible = true;
				return point.x;
			}

			bool borderHit = false;
			Vector2 borderHitPoint = Vector2.zero;
			Vector2 borderRs = Vector2.zero;

			// Left vertical border
			if (Intersect(origin, end, new Vector2(area.xMin, area.yMin), new Vector2(area.xMin, area.yMax), out point, out rs)) {
				borderHit = true;
				borderHitPoint = point;
				borderRs = rs;
			}

			// Right vertical border
			if (Intersect(origin, end, new Vector2(area.xMax, area.yMin), new Vector2(area.xMax, area.yMax), out point, out rs)) {
				borderHit = true;
				borderHitPoint = point;
				borderRs = rs;
			}

			// Any border -> invert x velocity and simulate again from there
			if (borderHit) {
				float secondsUsedHere = borderRs.x * secondsLeft;
				secondsLeft -= secondsUsedHere;
				secondsUsed += secondsUsedHere;
				velocity = new Vector2(-velocity.x, velocity.y);
				origin = borderHitPoint;
				return Simulate(origin, velocity, radius, secondsLeft, secondsUsed, out impossible);
			}

			// No intersection -> Ball outside of field -> dont simulate further
			return origin.x;
		}

		private float GetTargetPosition() {
			var balls = GameManager.Singleton.Balls.Where(b => b.IsAlive);
			var approaching = balls.Where(BallApproaches).ToList();
			
			while (approaching.Count > 0) {
				
				// Nearest by Y-Distance
				Ball ball = approaching.Aggregate(approaching[0], (prev, current) => YDistanceToBall(current) < YDistanceToBall(prev) ? current : prev);
			
				Vector2 origin = ball.Rb.position;
				Vector2 velocity = ball.Rb.velocity;
				float radius = ball.Radius;

				float target = Simulate(origin, velocity, radius, FutureSeconds, 0, out bool impossible);
				if (!impossible)
					return target;
				
				approaching.Remove(ball);
				// This ball was impossible to catch, try next one
			}

			return IdlePosition;
		}

		private float currentSmoothV;
		private void ApproachPosition(float pos) {
			float result = Mathf.SmoothDamp(X(), pos, ref currentSmoothV, .5f);
			transform.position = new Vector2(result, Y());
			ClampInsideBorders();
		}

		private bool isApproaching;
		private float lastDirection;
		private void FixedUpdate() {
			float target = GetTargetPosition();
			float h = Width / 2;
			goingLeft = target < X() - h;
			goingRight = target > X() + h;
			if (goingLeft || goingRight) {
				isApproaching = false;
				lastDirection = goingLeft ? -1 : 1;
				TryLinearMove(Time.fixedDeltaTime);
			}
			else {
				if (!isApproaching) {
					isApproaching = true;
					currentSmoothV = Speed * lastDirection;
				}
				ApproachPosition(target);
			}
				
		}
	}
}